Abstract: Beginning with universal adaptive phenomena in biosphere and from the view of ecological adaptation,adaptive significance and survival strategy are discussed in detail in the manner of examples. All living things have to adapt to their non-biotic and biotic environment. If not, they can not survive.  Adaptation to environment means that population can survive well and reproduce successfully. As far as concept of biological adaptation is concerned, it refers to not only harmony between organisms and their environments, but also responses to environmental pressure. Adaptive cost results from environmental pollution. Abroad study on adaptation give birth to adaptive science and its development.

Key words: ecological adaptation, survival strategy, adaptation cost, adaptive evolution, natural selection