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25 May 2026, Volume 47 Issue 3

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Mathematics

Dynamical Analysis and Optimal Control of a Class of Infectious Disease Models with Age Structure

WANG Ruyu, ZHANG Yi

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 1-12.

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The dynamical behavior and optimal control problem of a class of infectious disease models with age structure were studied.The susceptible population was divided into two categories:non-elderly and elderly.The basic reproduction number of the model was derived by using the next-generation matrix method.Then,by constructing a Lyapunov function and applying LaSalle's invariance principle,the stability of the equilibrium point was strictly proved.Further,the vaccination rate,the implementation rate of personal protective measures,and the treatment rate were introduced as control variables to minimize the number of infections and the cost of social intervention.The Pontryagin's maximum principle was applied to give the optimal control strategy.The numerical simulation results show that,compared with the single universal prevention and control,the control strategy of implementing additional intervention for the elderly population can not only more effectively reduce the infection peak but also significantly shorten the duration of disease transmission.

Finite Time Control for Uncertain Switching Time-Delay Systems Based on Hybrid Event Triggering Mechanism

LI Xin, WANG Yingyinge, ZHANG Jianyu

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 13-21.

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This paper investigates the input-output finite-time stability problem of systems with uncertain switching time delays based on a hybrid event-triggering mechanism.This paper introduces a hybrid event-triggering mechanism in accordance with the switching characteristics of time-varying delays and uncertainties in switched systems.By applying the Lyapunov method and combining it with linear matrix inequality techniques,sufficient conditions for finite-time stability of the system's input and output are presented.

Two Results on Sylow p-Subgroups of Trace and c-Normality

LI Meng

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 22-25.

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For the trace of meet-irreducible subgroup,based on the c-normality of its Sylow p-subgroups,two necessary and sufficient conditions for p-supersolvable groups and p-nilpotent group are obtained.

Stochastic Comparison of Folded Elliptical Random Variables Based on Hazard Rate Order

JING Zhaojing

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 26-29.

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The properties of the log-density ratio function are utilized to analyze the hazard rate order relationship for general non-negative random variables under conditions weaker than the concave function.Then,by leveraging the properties of density generator functions,the influence of shape parameters on the magnitudes of the density functions of folded ellipsoidal random variables is analyzed.Furthermore,an equivalent characterization is provided for the stochastic comparison of hazard rate order for folded ellipsoidal random variables under different density generator functions and conditions weaker than the concave function.

Biological

Two Newly Recorded Vascular Plant Species from the Wuling Mountain Area in Xiangxi,China

LIU Yipeng, WANG Benzhong, FANG Yuan, XU Wanji

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 30-32.

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Based on field surveys and a comprehensive review of the literature,two vascular plant species—Scutellaria wushanensis and Sedum lipingense—are newly recorded from the Wuling Mountain Area in Xiangxi,Hunan Province.Their morphological characteristics,habitat conditions,and geographical distribution are briefly described.

Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Fungus Penicillium turbatum from Macleaya cordata(Willd.)R.Br.

ZHENG Muyao, CHEN Jun, YIN Zhichao, MIN Changli, WANG Xuejun

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 33-40.

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In order to research the secondary metabolitesof the endophytic fungus Penicillium turbatum from Bolehui,the fermentation was carried out using a potato glucose liquid medium.Comprehensive chromatographic methods such as HP20 macroporous resin,MCI GEL CHP20P macroporous resin chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC were employed to separate and purify the metabolites.On the basis of that,the antibacterial activities of the metabolites against five types of bacteria were further investigated.The results showed that a total of 11 monomeric compounds were isolated,namely penicillic acid,dihydropenicillic acid,orcinol,orsellinic acid,1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde,Methyl Indole-3-acetate,4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone,4-（2-hydroxyethyl）phenol,3-methoxy-4-methyl-3,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-one,guanosine,and adenosine.The 11 compounds were obtained from Penicillium turbatum for the first time.Penicillic acid has certain inhibitory effect on Chromobacterium violaceum,Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus,minimum inhibitory concentration values were 25，50，100 and 100 mg/L respectively.Dihydropenicillic acid has certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus,and its minimum inhibitory concentration value is 100 mg/L.

Medical

Input-Enhanced Dual-Scale Network for Immunofixation Electrophoresis Image Classification

FU Xiaotian, XIE Jianyu, TAN Zihan, LI Shu

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 41-49.

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To address the clinical challenges of immunofixation electrophoresis images,such as background fluctuations,noise interference,and faint bands leading to missed detections and misdiagnoses,we propose a DGDB-IE2FNet model.The model features a dynamically gated dual-branch residual block and an IFE input enhancement dual-scale branch.The former adaptively fuses complementary convolutional branches,while the latter suppresses background noise and enhances directional information of bands.We formulate the classification of positive/negative results for ELP,G,A,M,K,and L lanes as a multi-label prediction task and conduct comparative experiments with several mainstream models using 20 000 real-world cases.Results show that the DGDB-IE2FNet achieves an accuracy of 99.63%,negative predictive value of 99.74%,sensitivity of 98.07%,and F1 score of 98.56% on the test set,outperforming other compared models in overall prediction performance.

Quadruple Fluorescence PCR Detection Technology for Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens

DENG Huan, LUO Lei, LIU Peishan, ZHA Manrong, DENG Zhongping, REN Xiaomei, WU Kang

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 50-59.

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To rapidly identify and diagnose mixed infections of common pathogens in the urogenital tract,including Mycoplasma hominis,Ureaplasma urealyticum,Mycoplasma genitalium,and Chlamydia trachomatis,a quadruple fluorescence quantitative PCR technique was employed.Specific primers and fluorescence probes were designed based on the conserved gene regions of the four pathogens,and the reaction system was systematically optimized (primers concentration,probes concentration,and annealing temperature).Performance verification was also conducted.The results showed that the quadruple fluorescence quantitative PCR detection technique exhibited excellent specificity and high repeatability,with a detection sensitivity of up to 1000 copies/mL.Compared with conventional PCR technology,the four-step fluorescence quantitative PCR technique significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of mixed infections,and was suitable for rapid differential diagnosis of clinical mixed infections.

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Quality Evaluation of Total Flavonoids from Clinopodium polycephalum

ZHONG Zhengwu, LIU Nan, HE Jiamin, ZHANG Ting

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 60-66.

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An orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the ethanol reflux extraction process of total flavonoids from Clinopodium polycephalum,and a stable method for determining the total flavonoid content was established.Based on this,quality evaluations were carried out on 6 batches of Clinopodium polycephalum medicinal materials from different sources.The results showed that the optimal extraction process was 70% ethanol volume fraction in 3 hours and 2 extractions;the RSD of precision tests,stability tests,repeatability tests,and sample recovery tests of the nitrous acid-sodium nitrate-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method were all less than 2%,indicating the accuracy and reliability of the method;the total flavonoid content of the 6 batches of Clinopodium polycephalum medicinal materials ranged from 0.067% to 0.154%,and the batch-to-batch coefficient of variation was as high as 32.72%.Even for medicinal material samples from the same origin,the total flavonoid content still showed significant differences,suggesting that the quality uniformity of Clinopodium polycephalum medicinal materials currently circulating in the online market is poor.

Flavonoid Compounds Separation with Coagulation Activity from Artemisia annua L.by Liquid-Liquid Chromatography

LI Shuhui, LUO Jiang, ZHANG Xiaorong

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 67-72.

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A liquid-liquid chromatography method based on a spiral separation tube was developed for the separation and purification of anthelmintic flavonoids from Artemisia annua L..To achieve the best separation effect,the mobile phase system and elution flow rate were systematically optimized,and HPLC analysis was used to further verify the separation effect.The results showed that the optimal mobile phase for the separated flavonoids from pH7,pH6,pH5,and pH4 samples was petroleum ether,petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (V(petroleum ether)∶V(ethyl acetate)=3∶1),petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (V(petroleum ether)∶V(ethyl acetate)=3∶1),and petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (V(petroleum ether)∶V(ethyl acetate)=1∶8),respectively;the optimal flow rate was 3 mL/min;after liquid-liquid chromatography separation of the flavonoids from pH7,pH6,and pH5 samples,a single component could be achieved;after separation of the flavonoids from pH4 sample,there were 4 components in the elution flow.It is suggested that the liquid-liquid chromatography based on the spiral separation tube can effectively separate the anthelmintic flavonoids from Artemisia annua L..

Study on Wuling Mountain Area

Impact of the Inaugural Hunan Tourism Development Conference on the Tourist Destination Image of Zhangjiajie:Based on Network Text Analysis

LIU Ruobin, CAI Jiangang

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 73-80.

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Based on the "cognition-emotion" model as the analytical framework,and using the network text analysis method,we investigated the impact of the Inaugural Hunan Tourism Development Conference (referred to as "IHTDC") on the tourist destination image of Zhangjiajie.The results showed that:IHTDC mainly had a direct impact on the cognitive image of the tourist destination in terms of tourism infrastructure,tourism services,and tourism attractions;before and after the holding of IHTDC,the emotional image was mainly positive,and the influence of IHTDC on the emotional image mainly focused on three aspects:emotional resonance,emotional trust,and emotional conflict.However,this influence was transmitted from the cognitive image based on the consistency of cognition;the influence of emotional image on cognitive image was formed due to the change in the original cognitive image caused by cognitive dissonance.In order to further enhance the overall positive image of tourism destinations,it is recommended that Zhangjiajie should optimize public services,strengthen market supervision,and develop new tourism attractions.In the future,the Tourism Development Conferences should be held to evaluate the carrying capacity in advance,cultivate new products,and establish a continuous tracking and evaluation mechanism.

Economics

Corporate Investment Strategies Under Group Decision-Making Based on Real Options

CHEN Chaolong, ZHANG Yong, HAN Shuting, TANG Zhongqun

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 81-88.

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By introducing the belief differences of group members,combining the real option theory and asset pricing theory,we give an enterprise group investment model under the optimal capital structure,and analyze the effects of debt interest,cash flow volatility,reversibility and polarization on the investment threshold.The results show that the group abandonment decision is dominated by the belief median,while the key members of investment decision will shift with polarization.The volatility and polarization of cash flow are positively correlated with the investment threshold,while reversibility and debt interest are negatively correlated with the investment threshold.Under low cash flow volatility,polarization can offset the influence of reversibility on the group investment threshold,and under low reversibility,the changes of debt interest and polarization do not change the key members' status in group investment decision-making.

Communication

Three-Dimensional Path Way for Reshaping the News Functions of County-Level Converged Media:An Empirical Study Based on Liling City and Youxian County in Hunan Province

MAO Zhouyu

Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(3): 89-96.

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Using the case study method,with Youxian County as the representative weakening media and Liling City as the typical case of innovation,this study employs various research methods including field research,in-depth interviews,and questionnaire surveys,to comparatively analyze the practice of converged media construction in the two localities.It examines the causes of the weakening of county-level converged media news functions,and explores the path ways for reshaping these functions.The results show that the root cause of the current weakening of news functions in county-level converged media lies in insufficient funding,outdated communication paradigm,and imbalance in the talent structure.The three-dimensional path ways for reshaping the news functions of county-level converged media are "mechanism integration-function extension-cross-border collaboration".