Abstract: The two week prevalence of the rural left-behind old people and the relevant factors in Hunan western areas were investigated.The enclosed questionnaire and interview and the SPSS 19.0 statistical results showed that the two week prevalence of left-behind old people and old people living with their children were 65.4% and 47.2% respectively，or the prevalence rate of left-behind old people was higher than that of the old people living with their children;74.8% of the left-behind old people and 89.9% of the old people living with their children chose to seek healthcare,or healthcare seeking intention of the old people living with their children was stronger than that of the left-behind old people.The factors influencing the two week prevalence and utilization of health service mainly included smoking,physical labor,health self assessment,gender,knowledge about disease,trust on the medical staff,frequency of children's visits,family economic status,and neighborhood interaction.

Key words: Hunan western areas；rural left-behind old people, two week prevalence