基于MOA模型的雪峰山区社区居民参与旅游扶贫机制

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdzk.2019.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以贫困地区雪峰山区社区居民为研究对象，借鉴MOA（动机-机会-能力）模型从参与动机、参与机会和参与能力三方面构建社区参与旅游扶贫的影响因素模型，运用多重线性回归和结构方程，对社区居民参与旅游扶贫的影响因素进行分析，探讨社区居民参与旅游扶贫的机制.结果表明：参与机会显著正向影响参与能力，并与参与能力共同影响参与动机，间接作用于社区参与；参与动机、参与机会和参与能力均对社区参与存在显著的积极作用，其中参与能力对社区参与旅游扶贫的影响最显著；雪峰山区社区居民的社区参与主要为积极参与，在社区参与旅游扶贫的3个层次中，处在第二层次上.因此，要积极整合社区居民参与旅游扶贫的各要素，构建包含动力机制、保障机制、认同机制和自我发展机制为一体的社区居民参与旅游扶贫机制，激发参与动机，保障参与机会，提高参与能力，促进自我发展，实现社区参与层次的提升.

关键词： 社区参与, 旅游扶贫, 影响因素, 机制, MOA模型

Abstract:

Based on the survey of community residents in Xuefeng Mountain Area,and according to the MOA (Motivation-Opportunity-Ability) model,this paper constructed a model of community participation in pro-poor tourism and analyzed the influences and mechanism construction of community residents' participation in pro-poor tourism through multiple linear regression and structural equation analysis.Results show that participation opportunity has significant positive influence on participation ability,participation opportunity and participation ability promote the formation of participation motivation and indirectly promote community participation.The participation motivation,participation opportunity and participation ability are actively and remarkably involved in the community participation.Among them,participation ability has the most significant impact on community participation in pro-poor tourism.Among the three different levels of community participation,the community residents in Xuefeng Mountain Area are in the second level,which is the positive participation.Therefore,in order to strengthen participation motivation of community residents,guarantee the participation opportunity,enhance the participation ability,promote the self-development and broaden the scope of community participation,this paper suggests that we should integrate the various elements of community participation in pro-poor tourism and construct a community participation mechanism that includes motivation mechanism,safeguard mechanism,identification mechanism and self-development mechanism.

Key words: community participation, pro-poor tourism, influencing factors, mechanism, MOA model

王兆峰，向秋霜. 基于MOA模型的雪峰山区社区居民参与旅游扶贫机制[J]. 吉首大学学报（自然科学版）, DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdzk.2019.03.012.

WANG Zhaofeng,XIANG Qiushuang. Mechanism of Community Residents Participation in Pro-Poor Tourism Based on MOA Model[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Natural Sciences Edition), DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdzk.2019.03.012.

参考文献

[1] 孙鑫,汪侠,刘丹丽,等.国内外旅游扶贫研究主题对比：基于社会网络分析的视角[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(11):1 396-1 402.
[2] 胥兴安,王立磊,张广宇.感知公平、社区支持感与社区参与旅游发展关系：基于社会交换理论的视角[J].旅游科学,2015,29(5):14-26.
[3] 杜宗斌,苏勤,姜辽.社区参与对旅游地居民社区归属感的中介效应：以浙江安吉为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(3):329-335.
[4] MAYER M,MULLER M,WOLTERING M,et al.The Economic Impact of Tourism in Six German National Parks[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,97(2):73-82.
[5] DELOITTE T.Sustainable Tourism and Poverty Elimination:A Report for the Department of International Development [R].IIED and ODI,1999.
[6] AKYEAMPONG O A.Pro-Poor Tourism:Residents' Expectations,Experiences and Perceptions in the Kakum National Park Area of Ghana[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2011,19(2):197-213.
[7] SCHEYVENS R,RUSSELL M.Tourism and Poverty Alleviation in Fiji:Comparing the Impacts of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Tourism Enterprises[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2012,20(3):417-436.
[8] 吴媚,郭占锋.城镇化进程中古村落旅游社区发展的“去权”与“增权”：以陕西省韩城市Y村为例[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):92-97；144.
[9] 孙九霞,廖婧琳.旅游参与对少数民族两性家庭分工的影响：以西江千户苗寨为例[J].思想战线,2016,42(1):105-110.
[10] 卡茜燕.精准扶贫视野下的社区参与旅游扶贫研究：基于大理双廊村的调查[J].旅游研究,2017,9(1):74-82.
[11] 卢冲,耿宝江,庄天慧,等.藏区贫困农牧民参与旅游扶贫的意愿及行为研究：基于四川藏区23县(市)1320户的调查[J].旅游学刊,2017(1):64-76.
[12] 陈则谦.MOA模型的形成、发展与核心构念[J].图书馆学研究,2013(13):53-57.
[13] 陈可,涂平.顾客参与服务补救:基于MOA模型的实证研究[J].管理科学,2014,27(3):105-113.
[14] 陈岚.基于MOA理论的MOOCs平台学习者参与行为影响因素研究[J].现代情报,2017,37(5):125-131.
[15] HUNG K,SIRAKAYA-TURK E,INGRAM L J.Testing the Efficacy of an Integrative Model for Community Participation[J].Journal of Travel Research,2011,50(3):276-288.
[16] JEPSON A,CLARKE A,RAGSDELL G.Investigating the Application of the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability Model to Reveal Factors Which Facilitate Orinhibit Inclusive Engagement Within Local Community Festivals[J].Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,2014,14(3):331-348.
[17] RASOOLIMANESH S M,JAAFAR M,AHMAD A G,BARGHI R.Community Participation in World Heritage Site Conservation and Tourism Development[J].Tourism Management,2017,58:142-153.
[18] 郑向敏,刘静.论旅游业发展中社区参与的三个层次[J].华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002(4):12-18.
[19] 曹兴平.民族村寨旅游社区参与内生动力实证研究[J].贵州民族研究,2016,37(3):166-170.
[20] 孔晴晴,陈玉福,唐海萍.平原农区空心村综合整治规划的农民意愿分析：以山东省禹城市典型村庄为例[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(1):119-127.
[21] JAAFAR M,NOOR S M,RASOOLIMANESH S M.Perception of Young Local Residents Toward Sustainable Conservation Programmes:A Case Study of the Lenggong World Cultural Heritage Site[J].Tourism Management,2015,48:154-163.
[22] NICHOLAS L N,THAPA B,KO Y J.Residents' Perspectives of a World Heritage Site:The Pitons Management Area,St. Lucia[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2009,36(3):390-412.
[23] 周学军,李勇汉.社区居民的扶贫旅游参与意愿研究：基于旅游影响感知、态度的视角[J].技术经济与管理研究,2017(7):26-30.
[24] AAS C,LADKIN A,FLETCHER J.Stakeholder Collaboration and Heritage Management[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2005,32(1):28-48.
[25] 刘静艳,李玲.公平感知视角下居民支持旅游可持续发展的影响因素分析：以喀纳斯图瓦村落为例[J].旅游科学,2016,30(4):1-13.
[26] 修新田,陈秋华,赖启福.社区居民参与森林旅游发展的影响因素分析[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2015(5):155-159.
[27] 邱皓政.结构方程模型的原理与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2012.
[28] ZHANG H L,ZHANG J,CHENG S W,et al.Role of Constraints in Chinese Calligraphic Landscape Experience:An Extension of Aleisure Constraint Model[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(6):1 398-1 407.