Abstract: This work is to analyze the community structure and species abundance of urine microbiome,as well as the differential microflora in three groups of healthy people,preoperative and postoperative prostatic hyperplasia patients,and to unearth the mechanism of the differential microflora related to the development of prostatic hyperplasia.Urine samples from healthy people (control group,C),preoperative (patient group,B) and postoperative (postoperative group,S) patients with prostatic hyperplasia were collected,and sequenced by whole metagenome shotgun sequencing.Bioinformatics analysis was carried out by related software.The results were as follows:the microbial diversity of B group samples (preoperative BPH patients) was lower than that of C and S groups of samples.At the phylum level,the abundance of Firmicutes,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes between C and S groups had no difference,but was significantly higher than that of B group.At the genus level,the abundance of Escherichia,Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter and Shigella between C and S groups had no difference,but was lower than that of B group;the abundance of Streptococcus and Prevotella in C and S groups of samples had no difference,but was higher than that of B group.Functional annotation at the PHI-base database showed that the abundance of some mutualistic factors in B group were significantly higher than that of C and S groups,such as reduced virulence factors,unaffected pathogenicity factors,increased virulence factors and lethal factor,then tended to return to the level of healthy people in S group.Functional annotation at the VFBD database showed that the abundance of some virulence factors in B group was significantly higher than that of both C and S groups,such as Type IV fimbria,capsule I,flagellum,Type III secretion system,colibactin,enterobactin,etc.,then tended to return to the level of healthy people in S group.In conclusion,decreased microbial diversity in the urinary tract microbiome and the increased or decreased abundance of the specific microbial taxa during the dysbiosis of urinary microflora might be positively correlated with prostatic hyperplasia of the patients.The increased abundance of some interaction factors and virulence factors of the differential microflora in the patient urine might induce the development of prostatic hyperplasia.

Key words: prostate hyperplasia, urine microbiome, metagenome sequencing, species abundance, function annotation