关键词： 荨麻科, 物种组成, 区系地理成分, 功能性状, 景观分布, 德夯风景名胜区

Abstract: Through field surveys,specimen identification,and literature review,this study investigated the species composition,floristic geographical components,landscape distribution,and functional trait diversity of Urticaceae plants in Dehang Scenic Area,Hunan Province.Results showed that a total of 50 species belonging to 13 genera were recorded in the area,with distinct hierarchical patterns in genus and species composition,dominated by Elatostema (13 species),Pilea (12 species),and Boehmeria (8 species).The floristic geographical composition was complex and diverse:at the generic level,six distribution types and one variant were identified,primarily characterized by pantropical and tropical Asia to tropical Africa distributions;at the species level,six distribution types and two variants were found,with Chinese endemism and East Asian distributions being dominant,reflecting a distinct subtropical transitional floristic character.Plants of the Urticaceae family are distributed in 11 of the 13 landscape types,mainly concentrated in moist,water-adjacent areas such as riverbank slopes and floodplains.Functional traits showed clear differentiation:nutritional traits were predominantly characterized by alternate leaves,medium-sized leaves,herbaceous leaf texture,and pubescent leaf surfaces on both sides;reproductive traits were mainly represented by umbellate clusters and corymbose inflorescences,the flowering period was concentrated from March to October,and the fruiting period was concentrated from August to October.These findings indicate that Urticaceae plants in Dehang Scenic Area are rich in species,possess unique floristic characteristics,exhibit diverse landscape distributions,and show strong adaptation between functional traits and habitats,warranting scientific conservation and rational utilization.

Key words: Urticaceae, species composition, floristic geographical components, functional traits, landscape distribution, Dehang Scenic Area